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	<title>解決那些坑 | 鑄劍十年今請攖其鋒</title>
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		<title>主機效能及連線</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Aug 2023 06:11:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[解決那些坑]]></category>
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						<h1 class="et_pb_module_header">主機效能及連線</h1>
						
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						<h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><a href="#">好的主機需要好的調校</a></h4>
						
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h2>主機效能及連線</h2></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>剛開始接觸 IPTV 的時候<span>，大部份的服務商主機都是採用美國的實體機，單台一個月的租金都要699-799 美金，後來有降到499或者399美金，照理說一台不作編碼及重編碼的主機，應該不會佔用到太大的 CPU，主要是佔用網路及暫存的記憶體</span></p>
<p>但是通常 Linux 預設的 TCP/IP 或者是網路設定<span>，都是在一個安全可用的情況下的設定，如果沒有調校的話，是無法發揮 1G 或者 10G 網路的效能，早在 6-7 年前美國就可以租用到 10G 網路頻寬的主機，但是通常有這樣的頻寬及主機，確發揮不出這台主機的效能，而因佌多租用的很多沒用到的主機，造成成本上面的增加</span><span></span></p>
<p>而為了解決這個坑<span>，需要從 Linux 最底層的網路設定改起，也因為有這樣的經歷所以讓我們有了 10G 優化的網路設定，可以讓整個頻寬吃好吃滿，處了最底層的網路問題外，防火牆也需要作相關的配合與設定，既要保護主機又要兼顧效能，這樣才可以最大的連線數量</span><span></span></p>
<p>除了串流的網路底層要改外<span>，在用戶的 API 連接及使用上，常會有很多 Session 爆滿狀況，明明就 CPU 還有，RAM 還有，頻寬還有，但是用戶就是無法登入及操作使用，這樣的問題就是 TCP/IP Session 被佔滿所造成，這個需要作調校才能讓大規模併發的系統安全運作，API 所使用的 HTTPS 主機服務也會有 Session 連滿的情況，如果依照一般的設定下去跑，保證沒幾百個客戶上線後，整個系統就會 GG 了</span><span></span><span></span></p>
<p>當然單主機的效能畢竟還是會有其極限<span>，最後沒辦法的情況下勢必要增加主機的數量，那加了之後就要解決串流復用的問題，也就是說需要把 S1 的串流打一份到 S2 的主機上面，這樣用戶連到 S2 主機後才能夠正常收視，一般服務商的作法是把所有頻道作 Forward ，但是這樣在用戶都還沒有使用系統的情況下，輸出頻寬就佔了一大半，可以服務的連線數來說是打打折扣的，我們是採用被動出流的方式來作為整個骨幹的傳輸，然後再搭配樹狀分發的 CDN 讓串流只在需要的時候出流給需要的主機，這對於一些熱門頻道來說是很有用的，如果您有看過整個用戶的收視情況來說的話，前 10 名的頻道收視大概就佔一半的收視率，前 20 大概就佔 70% 收視率，所以要復用的就是這些大量用戶收視的頻道，而不要浪費資源在沒有用到的頻道上面</span><span></span></p>
<p><span>所以各位大大，想要降低營運成，想要減少跳坑的時間，直接找我們吧 !! </span></p>
<p><span>價格合理收費公道，點以下的連結就可以有專人為您服務</span><span></span></p>
<p><span><a href="https://a-iptv.tw/price">https://a-iptv.tw/price</a><br /></span></p>
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		<title>跨國傳輸</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[iptv-admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Aug 2023 01:32:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[解決那些坑]]></category>
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						<h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><a href="#">如果你有錢　你可以用很貴的頻寬</a></h4>
						
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><h2>跨國傳輸</h2></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>如果你很有錢<span>，你可用很貴的頻寬來作 IPTV 服務</span><span></span></p>
<p><span></span></p>
<p>整個 IPTV 的系統固定支出中最貴的就是頻寬<span>，在台灣你可以用 1G/600M 或者 2G/1G 的頻寬來作發布，但是在一些東南亞國家，最高只有 100M 雙向，以這樣的頻寬來說能夠撐個 70-80人已經非常利害，能開的號大概也就 200-250 個</span><span></span></p>
<p>所以如果可以用頻寬成本較低的國家來服務<span>，那就可以讓整個營運成本降的非常低，早期的艾克斯及全球看都是用美國中部的機房，更早的全視福有用到美西機房，我們之前的 Xliving 有用到美西，美東，美南三個機房來作服務，主要的考量就是頻寬成本</span><span></span></p>
<p>但是<span>，串流的傳送需要有穩定的碼流，如果因為延遲或者掉包而造成的不同步，這是會影響客戶的使用心情，在跨國部份大部份都採用 UDP 協定來傳送，但是因為該協定沒有強制資料的完整性，所以會有釣包及棄包的問題，不過影片及聲音稍微破格及斷一下音，是不太會影響到客戶的收視</span><span></span></p>
<p>最早大家都是採用原力的傳輸來作轉源<span>，後來改用二高的傳輸來作，兩個跨國或者是 CDN 間的轉送都是用 UDP 方式來解決，自從我們自建機房後就改用 Tvheadend 的軟體來將 DVB-T 訊號抓取後編碼，該前端管理系統是採用 HTTP 作為串流輸出，那時年紀小不懂事想說就可以用這個系統來發布，那知道遇到發布驗證的問題，最後只能將訊號採集編碼後，採用 FFmpeg 作封裝及推流到 CDN 發布系統，不過因為 Theadend 及 FFmpeg 都是採用 TCP/IP 的方式來傳送，也讓串流穩定很多掉包情況也降低很多</span><span></span></p>
<p>直到有一天海纜斷了之後<span>，才發現串流用的優先權太低，所以會被國際機房限制頻寬，整個串流卡到一個不行，為了解決這個問題我們在跨國部份採用 SRT 的 UDP 方式傳送，這個通訊協定類似Google 的 QUIC 通訊協定，可以讓傳送有 UDP 的快速，也有 TCP 的不掉包，除此之外是很多的採集盒及編碼器都有提供 SRT 的方式作跨國或者是遠距離的傳輸</span><span></span></p>
<p>等到串流透過 SRT 送到各國或者個地區的主機群後<span>，再由發布的主機用 RTMP 或者 HTTP 作用戶端的發布處理，這樣的機制在單 UDP 或者單 TCP 的系統中，可以改善很多問題，且穩定性提高很多，所以各位大大，想要降低營運成，想要減少跳坑的時間，直接找我們吧 !! 價格合理收費公道，點以下的連結就可以有專人為您服務</span><span></span></p>
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						<div class="et_pb_blurb_description"><p><span>10365 台北市大同區</span><br /><span>民族西路76巷12弄10號1樓</span></p></div>
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						<h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><span>Hours</span></h4>
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		<title>MAC 重復</title>
		<link>https://a-iptv.tw/mac-all-the-same/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[iptv-admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Aug 2023 10:29:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[解決那些坑]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://a-iptv.tw/?p=352</guid>

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						<h1 class="et_pb_module_header">MAC 重復</h1>
						
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						<h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><a href="#">這不是見到鬼　而是MAC真的重復</a></h4>
						
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				<span class="et_pb_image_wrap "><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1072" height="510" src="https://a-iptv.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/mac-01.jpg" alt="" title="mac-01" srcset="https://a-iptv.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/mac-01.jpg 1072w, https://a-iptv.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/mac-01-980x466.jpg 980w, https://a-iptv.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/mac-01-480x228.jpg 480w" sizes="(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1072px, 100vw" class="wp-image-347" /></span>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>MAC 重復</h2></div>
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				<div class="et_pb_text_inner"><p>你沒看錯<span>，對，就是全球唯一的 MAC 是會重復的，而且其中有一個 02:00:00:00:00:00 重復率最高，因為之前的機上盒驗證如安博或者彩虹，金雞母，EVPAD，小七&#8230; 等，都是用 MAC 來作為 APP 及串流輸出的判斷，所以 APP 抓到的 MAC 送回給後端的 EPG 驗證後，如果有在資料庫中那就會放行出流，但是 Android 上面的系統 MAC 可以透過 APP 來假造，也就是說我只要把 MAC 設定為有開通的 MAC ，那就可以看永久免費的電視，這真是一件太神奇的一件事</span><span></span></p>
<p>早期有個卡巴熊<span>，在其機上盒上面安裝一個可以改變 MAC 的 APP，為的就是要可以每次重新註冊後可以有 2-3 天的免費收視，對於 Cloud TV 非常有效，因為只要改個 MAC 對方的系統就認定為新的機上盒，然後就又可以看 3 天</span><span></span></p>
<p>而這個問題也造成盜源盛行防不勝防<span>，一直到現在你還在用 MAC 當作唯一的驗證碼的話，那保證你的串流應該會被盜的很兇，因為實在太好假造了</span><span></span></p>
<p>這個問題的處理方式需要從 APP 來解決<span>，也就是說我們改用另一種方式來產生各台設備的唯一序號，主要採用 MAC + CPU + Wifi + 主機版號 + Android 號 後再取 MD5，這樣取到的值就可以避免重復，但這樣的驗證方式會有個缺點，因為取值後的序號是存在 APP 資料區塊中，如果被移除 APP 或者是 APP 清除資料，這樣就會有被刪除的問題</span><span></span></p>
<p>也因為這樣<span>，安博及一些市面上的機上盒開發商，都會自定義機上盒，並綁定 MAC，這樣之後當刷機或者重置就可以取得唯一的 MAC 值，但還是有被假造及取出相同 MAC 的問題</span><span></span></p>
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						<h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><span>Office</span></h4>
						<div class="et_pb_blurb_description"><p><span>10365 台北市大同區</span><br /><span>民族西路76巷12弄10號1樓</span></p></div>
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						<h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><span>Hours</span></h4>
						<div class="et_pb_blurb_description"><p>M-F: 9am &#8211; 7pm<br />S-S: Closed</p></div>
					</div>
				</div>
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						<h4 class="et_pb_module_header"><span>Call Us</span></h4>
						<div class="et_pb_blurb_description"><p><span>(02) 2585-2581 ext 11 Mr. Lin</span></p></div>
					</div>
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			</div>
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